A framing device across mode and genre: Indonesian youth language in conversation and print

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Pragmatic uses of demonstratives in Cirebon Javanese conversation

This study examines demonstratives in the variety of Javanese spoken in the region of Cirebon, on the north coast of the province of West Java. After introducing the demonstrative paradigms found in Cirebon Javanese, this study analyses their functional distribution in conversational discourse based on the taxonomy of demonstrative functions presented in Diessel (1999). The use of demonstratives with reference to first and second person and the role of demonstratives in conversational interaction is also discussed. Cirebon Javanese has a three-way demonstrative system with a number of variant forms. The medial forms are by far the most frequently occurring demonstratives in the conversational data. The anaphoric function is by far the most common function. The use of demonstratives with personal deictic forms and the importance of demonstratives in managing talk in interaction suggest avenues for further research

The Effects of Snowmelt Percolation on Stratified Pollen Records: A Cooler Study

Temperate valley glaciers may contain unique paleoecological records with the possibility of very high-resolution pollen analysis. However, little is known about the effects of meltwater percolation on pollen found in snow and glacial ice. Previous studies have suggested that pollen is relatively impervious to meltwater percolation due to grain size and, thus, resists transport. However, investigations on McCall Glacier in the Brooks Range of northeast Alaska reveal a disparity between the large amounts of pollen in the surface snow and firn, and dearth of pollen in the glacial ice core samples. The purpose of this study is to investigate if meltwater percolation can effectively transport pollen in a way that results in reduced pollen concentrations in deeper layers of the glacier. To do this, an experiment was conducted in Fairbanks, Alaska from February 28-March 2, 2012 using nine Styrofoam coolers filled with natural snow accumulation. The coolers were stratified into three groups: Snow/Flat (SF), Snow/Tilted (ST), and Ice/Tilted (IT). All coolers were spiked at the surface with 104,242 Lycopodium marker spores, melted to two-thirds the original volume, and the remaining snow profile was sampled in 5cm increments (except the IT stratum) and tested for spore concentrations. Meltwater was collected throughout the process and examined. Results indicate both strong vertical and horizontal spore transport due to meltwater percolation. Peak spore concentrations occurred in the bottommost snow layers and/or meltwater in eight of nine coolers, and provide evidence of effective transport of pollen via meltwater percolation and runoff

Bio-economic evaluation of pasture-cropping, a novel system of integrating perennial pastures and crops on crop-livestock farms

Pasture-cropping is a novel approach to increase the area of perennial crops in mixed sheep and cropping systems. It involves planting annual cereals directly into a living perennial pasture. There is interest in subtropical grasses as they are winter dormant and their growth profile is potentially well suited to pasture-cropping. However, a wide range of factors can affect the uptake of such systems. This paper assesses the relative importance of factors that can influence decisions to introduce pasture-cropping. In this paper the research question is: what factors predispose a farm to take up a new technology such as (1) subtropical grass and (2) subtropical grass that is pasture-cropped. The analysis uses the MIDAS model of a central wheatbelt farm in Western Australia. The results suggest the adoption of subtropical grasses is likely to be strongly influenced by soil mix; feed quality; and whether the farm is predominantly grazing or cropping and by the presence of meat versus wool producing animals. The same factors are relevant for subtropical grass that is pasture-cropped but in addition yield penalties due to competition between the host perennial and the companion cereal become important. The results suggest the level of forage production by subtropical grass is less important but this factor is likely to become more important if feed quality can be improved.Environmental Economics and Policy,

Strategic human resource effectiveness, internal marketing and performance in the public sector

Internal marketing (IM) focuses on acquiring and retaining customer-oriented employees and is seen as particularly relevant to service organisations. Critics of internal marketing claim that the term is simply a synonym for good human resources management. The concepts of Internal Marketing and Strategic Human Resource Effectiveness (SHRE) are considered and suitable measures are identified Data is collected from the Australian public sector and a regression analysis is used to investigate the hypothesised relationships. The study provides empirical evidence of a demarcation between IM and SHRE; that SHRE is an important antecedent to IM and that SHRE has both a direct and indirect effect on performance, Management implications are considered and directions for future research offered.peer-reviewe